Atomic Structure

What have i learnt(Atomic Structure)


-protons are positively charged(+1) and have a relative mass of 1
-neutrons are neutral(0) and have a relative mass of 1
-electrons are negatively charged(-1) and have a relative mass of 1/1840

The effect of magnetic field on beams of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Moving protons and electrons are deflected by a magnetic field. The protons will be deflected to the negative electrode and the electrons will be deflected to the positive electrode.

Isotopic: Atoms, ions or molecules containing same number of protons.
Isotonic: Atoms, ions or molecules containing same number of neutrons.
Isoelectronic: Atoms, ions or molecules containing same number of electrons.

Principal Types of sub-shells No. of electrons in each principal quantum Quantum Shell
1 s 2
2 s,p 8
3 s,p,d 18
4 s,p,d,f 32


Aufbau principle
Electrons occupy orbitals of the lowest energy available.

Pauli Exclusion Principle
Each orbital can accommodate only two electrons whose spins are always opposite.

Hund's Rule
When electrons are added successively to a subshell, they occupy the orbitals singly first before pairing occurs.