Atomic Structure

What have i learnt(Atomic Structure)


-protons are positively charged(+1) and have a relative mass of 1
-neutrons are neutral(0) and have a relative mass of 1
-electrons are negatively charged(-1) and have a relative mass of 1/1840

The effect of magnetic field on beams of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Moving protons and electrons are deflected by a magnetic field. The protons will be deflected to the negative electrode and the electrons will be deflected to the positive electrode.

Isotopic: Atoms, ions or molecules containing same number of protons.
Isotonic: Atoms, ions or molecules containing same number of neutrons.
Isoelectronic: Atoms, ions or molecules containing same number of electrons.

Principal Types of sub-shells No. of electrons in each principal quantum Quantum Shell
1 s 2
2 s,p 8
3 s,p,d 18
4 s,p,d,f 32


Aufbau principle
Electrons occupy orbitals of the lowest energy available.

Pauli Exclusion Principle
Each orbital can accommodate only two electrons whose spins are always opposite.

Hund's Rule
When electrons are added successively to a subshell, they occupy the orbitals singly first before pairing occurs.

My chosen career

My field of interest is medicine and i aspire to become a surgeon when i grow up.
My ambition to become a surgeon is strong as i have burning desire in me that makes me want to help the people around me in any way I can.
From what i have gathered, I have found out that Chemistry is necessary to join the medical course is university along wih either Physics or Biology.I realise that to enter medicine, good grades are vital especially in Chemistry, Physics and even Maths. The medical degree is one that requires a basic 4 year degree followed by 2 additional years to attain a doctorate in medicine.

My areas of weakness and strength in Chemistry.

My areas of weakness in Chemistry
So far, i have realised that I am not good at showing the relative proportions of the reactants and products involved in terms of the number of moles.
For eg.
MgC02 + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + CO2 +H2O
1 mole reacts with 2 mole to give 1 mole, 1 mole, 1 mole
or 0.2 moles, 0.4 moles, 0.2 moles, 0.2 moles

Another thing that i am not really good at is using the combustion data. The one where the formula given is CxHy(g) + (x+y/4)O2(g) -> xCO2(g) + y/2H2O(l)

My areas of strength in Chemistry
The areas that I am good at is the calculation part and im also good at balancing equations. Another part that i am good at is calculating the percentage yield.

Things that i learn from lab notes:
-the parts of a burette and pipette.
-how to handle the apparatus.
-before using any apparatus, i have to rinse them with distilled water.
-after rinsing th apparatus with distilled water, i have to rinse them with the original solution.
-i cannot rinse the conical flask with the original solution because this will result in an increase in amount of titrant used.
-i have to make sure that there is no air bubble at the tip of the burette.

BROMOTHYMOL BLUE; strong acid-strong base
PHENOLPHTHALEIN; weak acid-strong base
METHYL ORANGE; strong acid-weak base

Atoms, Moles and Stoichiometry

Things that i learn from atoms, moles and stoichiometry:
-SI base units(e.g. metre, kilogram, second)
-Prefixes(giga, kilo, mega, deci, centi)
-how to determine the number of significant figures
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